Как передаётся вич спид, гепатит от человека к человеку

ВИЧ-инфекция и СПИД являются самыми распространенными болезнями за весь период человеческого существования. К сожалению, в нашем современном мире, несмотря на технологический прогресс, эти заболевания пока что сложно победить. Тем не менее у каждого человека желающего оставаться здоровым есть прекрасная возможность заранее себя обезопасить. И вот для этого придется разобраться как передается вич спид? Как противостоять заражению? Какие меры предосторожности следуют соблюдать?

 РАЗНИЦА МЕЖДУ ДВУМЯ БОЛЕЗНЯМИ

Нельзя сказать, что ВИЧ и СПИД одно и тоже. Но можно смело предполагать, что два эти заболевания связаны между собой и несут разрушительные последствия для человеческого организма. ВИЧ считается вирусной инфекцией, которая подавляет работу иммунитета. Впоследствии организм не в состоянии бороться с различными вирусными атаками. СПИД развивается через некоторое время после заражения организма инфекцией ВИЧ. Данные заболевания поражают все защитные системы организма, что в конечном итоге делает его полностью «безоружным», и не способным в дальнейшем противостоять заражению.

 Вирусная, бактериальная и грибковая инфекция не развиваются в здоровом организме.

При синдроме, который фактически не вылечивается, у больного есть время на жизнь около двух лет. Но чем раньше получиться обнаружить спид, и провести диагностическую профилактику, тем больше шансов продлить годы своей жизни и не дать болезни прогрессировать безвозвратно.

Основные симптомы :

• Постоянная простуда на хроническом уровне;
• Резкое падение зрения;
• Стремительное похудение без причин;
• Становиться сложно дышать, ощущается боль в грудной клетке;
• Возникают проблемы с работой кишечника, диарея;
• Сложности на эмоциональном уровне (депрессии, раздражительность).

Конечно, выше указанные симптомы служат началом развития и других заболеваний. Но вот что касается именно ВИЧ-инфекции и СПИДа, стоит своевременно обратиться к врачу.

 ПУТИ  ЗАРАЖЕНИЯ

Передача данного инфекционного заболевания осуществляется следующими способами:

• Вступление в половую связь без средств предохранения;
• Пересадка органов или переливание крови от инфицированного.;
• Кормление ребенка молоком зараженной матери.;
• Инъекция с использованием одного шприца на двоих.

СПИД может передаваться первоначальным путем через кровь. Стоит отметить, половой акт совершенный незащищенным методом с заболевшим партнером по большей степени провоцирует заражение инфекцией. В случае орального секса заражение возможно в том случае, если в ротовой полости присутствуют хоть малейшие повреждения. Зараженное семя, влагалищный секрет или сперма имеют прямое попадание в кровь. Анальный секс может послужить причиной нанесения травмы слизистой оболочки прямой кишки.

Заражение младенцев крайне отрицательно влияет на последующий их этап их взросления и развития. Уже в таком раннем возрасте замораживаются все важные системы организма и иммунная система кардинально ослабевает. При слабом иммунитете берут свое начало различные серьезные заболевания. Также, рискуют заразиться и сотрудники медперсонала. В основном такие ситуации случаются из-за случайных порезов и попадания крови или другой жидкости пациента в кровь медицинского сотрудника.

 

Поэтому, всем работникам в сфере медицины настоятельно рекомендуется осматривать свои руки на наличие легких незначительных повреждений. Чтобы предотвратить заражение СПИДом стоит обратить внимание на выше перечисленные факторы. Если они исключены, значит заражения не будет. Тем не менее не стоит забывать о рисках, как в рабочих процессах, так и при половом контакте.

НЕ ВПУСКАЕМ БОЛЕЗНЬ В СВОЙ ОРГАНИЗМ

У некоторых может складываться ошибочное мнение, что вирус может передаваться через поцелуи, объятья или воздушно-капельным путем. Но, чтобы не заразиться столь опасным вирусом, стоит заранее узнать о некоторых важных вещах, которые позволяют подстраховаться на случай полученного иммунодефицита.

Неправильно утверждать, что СПИД может заразить организм через обычный поцелуй. Но вот он хорошо распространяется через слюну. Этот момент особенно касается наличия повреждений в ротовой полости, как упоминалось выше. Если вы просто поздороваетесь за руку или будете употреблять пищу с зараженным, риски получить инфекцию будут сведены к нулю. Но если осуществиться соприкосновение непосредственно к крови или другой биологической жидкости, риски заражения резко возрастают.

Передача вируса невозможна воздушно-капельным путем. В воздухе инфекция может прожить не более одной минуты. Также, вирус не передается через высохшую кровь или любую другую испорченную биологическую жидкость. При высокой температуре (до 50 градусах) инфекция самоликвидируется.Ошибочное предположение, что насекомые являются переносчиками заболевания СПИД. Суть в том, что они лишь впитывают человеческую кровь и перерабатывают ее в своём организме без возвращения.

Если вы завели собаку или кота, не стоит переживать, что они станут переносчиками СПИДа.

Когда вы пользуетесь услугами маникюра, стоматологии, пирсинга и т.п., инструменты специалистов в любом случае должны быть чистыми. Хотя и ВИЧ-инфекция вряд ли попадает в ваш организм, ибо она крайне неспособна самостоятельно выжить в окружающей среде. Нельзя забывать и о других серьезных инфекциях, которые могут попасть в ваш организм из-за игнорирования стерилизации рабочих инструментов и оборудования.

КАК МОЖНО ОБЕЗОПАСИТЬ СЕБЯ?

Как вы уже могли убедиться сами, путей проникновения ВИЧ-инфекции довольно много. Но все они целенаправленно держат путь в кровеносную систему.

Стоит учесть следующие аспекты в своей жизни:

• Вступайте в половую связь только в защитном режиме, особенно если выбираете непостоянного партнера. Момент полового акта касается как анального секса, так и вагинального. Но если ваш партнер не меняется, риски на заражение резко падают;
• Никогда не пользуйтесь одним и тем же шприцем, и уж тем более совместно с кем-нибудь. Откажитесь от наркотического введения инъекции;
• Избегайте любого соприкосновения с кровью или биологической жидкостью зараженного. Не пренебрегайте методам защиты в рабочих процессах;
• Так, как болезнь развивается не сразу, а на протяжении нескольких месяцев (а то и лет), обязательно проверяйтесь у квалифицированных врачей. Это необходимо для того, что заранее обнаружить прогрессирующее заболевание и вовремя его обезвредить.

В целом, не стоит чересчур преувеличивать и навязывать свои фобии другим. Но как говориться, знание свет. Поэтому, всячески избегайте преждевременных порезов в общественных местах и держите дистанцию с инфицированными людьми для своего блага.

90000 HIV Transmission | HIV Basics | HIV / AIDS 90001 90002 90003 Some groups of people in the United States are more likely to get HIV than others because of many factors, including the status of their sex partners, their risk behaviors, and where they live. 90004 90005 90002 When you live in a community where many people have HIV infection, the chances of having sex or sharing needles or other injection equipment with someone who has HIV are higher. You can use CDC’s HIV, STD, hepatitis, and tuberculosis atlas to see the percentage of people with HIV ( «prevalence») in different US communities.Within any community, the prevalence of HIV can vary among different populations. 90005 90002 Gay and bisexual men have the largest number of new diagnoses in the United States. Blacks / African Americans and Hispanics / Latinos are disproportionately affected by HIV compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Also, transgender women who have sex with men are among the groups at highest risk for HIV infection, and injection drug users remain at significant risk for getting HIV. 90005 90002 Risky behaviors, like having anal or vaginal sex without using a condom or taking medicines to prevent or treat HIV, and sharing needles or syringes play a big role in HIV transmission.Anal sex is the highest-risk sexual behavior. If you do not have HIV, being a receptive partner (or bottom) for anal sex is the highest-risk sexual activity for getting HIV. If you do have HIV, being the insertive partner (or top) for anal sex is the highest-risk sexual activity for transmitting HIV. 90005 90002 But there are more tools available today to prevent HIV than ever before. Choosing less risky sexual behaviors, taking medicines to prevent and treat HIV, and using condoms with lubricants are all highly effective ways to reduce the risk of getting or transmitting HIV.Learn more about these and other strategies to prevent HIV. 90005 90002 For more information about the risk for different groups of people, see HIV in the United States and HIV by Geographical Distribution. 90005 90002 90003 Learn more about how to protect yourself, and get information tailored to meet your needs from CDC’s 90004 90003 HIV Risk Reduction Tool 90004 90003 (BETA). 90004 90005 .90000 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | HHS.gov 90001 90002 Quick Facts 90003 90004 What is it? 90005 90006 90007 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that damages white blood cells that are very important in helping the body fight infection and disease. 90008 90007 The most reliable way to avoid transmission of STDs is to abstain from oral, vaginal, and anal sex or to be in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship with a partner known to be uninfected.90008 90011 90004 What is HIV? 90005 90014 90015 HIV stands for the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV damages white blood cells (CD4 + or T cells) that are very important and help the body fight infection and disease. As the disease progresses, people have fewer of these cells in their blood and the immune system becomes weak and damaged. When this happens, HIV can lead to AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 90016 90004 How common is HIV? 90005 90015 It is estimated that there are over 56,000 new cases of HIV in the United States each year.That is equal to someone being infected with HIV every 9½ minutes. 90016 90015 About 20 in 100 infected Americans do not know they have the virus. The fact that so many people are unaware that they have HIV is important because even if you do not have HIV symptoms, you can still infect your sex partners. 90016 90015 HIV affects people from all backgrounds. Anyone who has sex can be at risk regardless of age, race, gender, or sexual orientation, although some groups are at higher risk: 90016 90006 90007 Nearly half of all new HIV infections occur in African-Americans.90008 90007 Gay and bisexual men account for more than half of all new HIV cases. For information on HIV’s impact on this population, visit cdc.gov. 90008 90011 90004 How is HIV spread? 90005 90033 90015 HIV is transmitted through body fluids such as blood, semen (cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), vaginal fluids, and breast milk. 90016 90015 Unprotected vaginal and anal sex are the most common ways the virus is transmitted. It is also possible to contract HIV from oral sex (primarily through performing oral sex), although this is less common than with vaginal and anal sex.90016 90015 Injection drug use is also a risk for HIV if needles, syringes, and other equipment are shared with someone who is infected. Reusing «spoons» and «cookers» (such as bottle caps, spoons, or water used to dissolve or heat drugs) also carries a risk for transmitting HIV and other blood-borne infections. 90016 90015 An HIV-positive pregnant woman can pass HIV to her fetus before or during labor and through breastfeeding. All pregnant women should be tested for HIV. In the United States, HIV-positive pregnant women who are in care and take medication (antiretroviral therapy) and do not breastfeed have a less than 2 percent chance of transmitting HIV to their fetus.Without treatment, the transmission rate is about 25 percent. 90016 90015 Healthcare workers exposed to infected fluids, most often through needle sticks, are also at risk of HIV. Those workers may benefit from taking medication after exposure (post-exposure prophylaxis or PEP). PEP usually consists of two or three antiretroviral drugs that are effective against HIV. PEP works best within 72 hours after exposure. This treatment can also be given to individuals who may be exposed to HIV outside the workplace, usually through sexual assault, condom breakage, or sharing needles with someone who has HIV (non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis, or nPEP).90016 90015 Patients receiving blood transfusions or organ and tissue transplants can be at risk for contracting HIV. However, this risk is 90045 extremely rare 90046 in the United States, given the strict testing done with blood products and all donated organs and tissues. 90016 90015 Having another STD increases the risk of contracting HIV. Talk with your healthcare provider to find out if any STD testing is recommended for you. 90016 90015 HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day contact in social settings, schools, or in the workplace, such as: 90016 90006 90007 Shaking someone’s hand or hugging them.90008 90007 Kissing. 90008 90007 Using the same toilet, sheets, towels, or eating utensils, or drinking from the same glass. 90008 90007 Playing sports. 90008 90011 90004 What are the symptoms of HIV? 90005 90064 90015 90045 Acute HIV infection: 90046 Some people develop flu-like symptoms early after infection, usually within a few weeks or up to a month after contact. Not everyone feels ill though, and symptoms might be mild. During acute HIV infection, there is a large amount of HIV in the blood, and the immune system is beginning to respond to the virus.90016 90015 90045 Latent or asymptomatic HIV infection: 90046 After a few weeks, the level of HIV in the blood decreases and people enter a latent or asymptomatic (no symptoms) stage. During this stage-which can last eight to 10 years-a person usually feels fine. The virus is still active, though, and can be transmitted to others. 90016 90015 90045 Symptomatic HIV infection: 90046 The immune system weakens and symptoms related to «opportunistic» infections begin to develop (these are infections that are more likely to occur in someone with a weakened immune system).90016 90015 90045 AIDS: 90046 Untreated, virtually all cases of HIV will lead to AIDS. At this stage, the immune system is severely weakened and serious illnesses emerge. An AIDS diagnosis can be made when someone who has HIV develops an opportunistic infection and / or their CD4 count falls below 200 (this is the number or «count» of CD4 cells in a small sample of blood). A normal CD4 count is between 500 and 1000. 90016 90015 Symptoms might include extreme weight loss, chills and fever, night sweats, fatigue and weakness, sores of the mouth and genitals, diarrhea, and swollen glands.In addition, there are other infections that tend to occur that indicate AIDS. 90016 90004 Are there tests for HIV? 90005 90085 90045 Find HIV / AIDS 90087 Prevention & Service 90087 Providers 90046 90015 Enter your location, such as: «Washington, DC», or «20002». 90016 90015 For more information on this widget, please visit hiv.gov. 90016 90015 Please contact [email protected] with any comments or concerns. 90016 90015 Most HIV tests done in the United States detect substances the body’s immune system produces (antibodies) in response to the infection.Some rapid HIV tests can provide results in as little as 20 minutes. HIV also can be detected by testing blood, but some tests use urine or take a swab of fluid from inside your mouth. Many of these tests are done in a lab and it can take a few days or a week to receive results. 90016 90015 Many types of clinics offer HIV tests. There is also a home test, the Home Access HIV-1 Test System. 90016 90015 Most tests can detect the disease two to eight weeks after infection, but in some people this takes longer.The disease can be detected in almost everyone with HIV three months after infection, so it is a good idea for anyone tested earlier than that to have a follow-up test three months after a potential exposure to the virus. In very rare cases, it may take six months or longer for a person to test accurately for HIV. A different test is used for donated blood. 90016 90004 What tests follow an HIV-positive diagnosis? 90005 90015 A healthcare provider usually orders several tests, including one to check viral load (how much HIV is present in the blood), CD4 count (to assess the health of the immune system in fighting infections), and drug resistance (to determine if the individual specific strain of HIV might be resistant to certain medications).These tests not only provide a baseline for future tests but help determine when treatment should begin, along with the patient’s overall state of health. 90016 90015 Other common tests for those newly diagnosed with HIV include: 90016 90006 90007 Complete blood count. 90008 90007 Liver and kidney function tests. 90008 90007 Urinalysis. 90008 90007 Tests for other STDs and hepatitis. 90008 90011 90004 What are the risk factors for HIV? 90005 90120 90015 A risk factor is the chance that something will harm or otherwise affect a person’s health.90016 90015 Risk factors for HIV include: 90016 90006 90007 Engaging in unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. 90008 90007 Having sex with multiple partners. 90008 90007 Being a man who has sex with men. 90008 90007 Using injection drugs and sharing needles, syringes, or «works» with someone who is infected with HIV. 90008 90011 90015 Have an honest and open talk with your healthcare provider and ask whether you should be tested for HIV or other STDs.90016 90004 How can I lower the chances of getting HIV? 90005 90139 90015 The most effective methods are protecting yourself against exposure to HIV, including sexual abstinence, consistent and correct condom use, abstinence from injection drug use, use of sterile equipment if using injection drugs. 90016 90015 People who are at high risk of getting HIV but do not have HIV can take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) daily medicines that can significantly lower the chances of getting HIV.PrEP can help keep the virus from establishing a permanent infection when someone is exposed to HIV. PrEP is less effective if it is not taken consistently but, even if some doses are missed, PrEP will still offer significant protection from contracting HIV. People who use PrEP must commit to taking the drug every day and seeing their healthcare provider for follow-up every three months. Talk to your healthcare provider to see if PrEP is right for you. PrEP should be used with other risk reduction strategies, including condoms.90016 90015 PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) may be used after being potentially exposed to HIV, to prevent becoming infected. It is only for emergency situations after a single, high-risk event (such as unprotected sex with someone who has HIV or injection drug use). Antiretroviral drugs must be started as soon as possible to be effective-and always within 72 hours of a possible exposure. If you think you have recently been exposed to HIV during sex, through sharing needles, or work to prepare drugs, or if you have been sexually assaulted, talk to your healthcare provider or an emergency room doctor about PEP right away.90016 90004 Find a PrEP Provider in Your Area 90005 90148 Enter a zip code into the search box and the locator will show a listing of nearby PrEP providers. 90004 How is HIV treated? 90005 90151 90015 There are approximately 30 drugs available to treat HIV, and they are divided into classes based on the way they work against the virus. The recommended treatment for HIV involves a combination or «cocktail» of at least three medications from two or more different classes.90016 90015 Not everyone uses the same medications to treat HIV. The choice of treatment depends on your general health, the results of any tests ordered by your healthcare provider, the number of pills you feel comfortable taking each day, if you are pregnant or plan to be pregnant soon, and potential side effects. Be sure to ask your healthcare provider any questions you might have about treatment. 90016 90004 I was treated for HIV. When can I have sex again? 90005 90015 You can have sex at any time, however, communication and safe sex is very important.Even if you do not have any symptoms, you can still infect your sex partners. Condoms can not guarantee HIV will not be transmitted, but using them correctly each time you have sex greatly reduces the risk your partner will be exposed to the virus. 90016 90004 What happens if I do not get treated? 90005 90015 Untreated, virtually all cases of HIV will lead to AIDS. At this stage, the immune system is severely weakened and serious illnesses emerge. An AIDS diagnosis can be made when someone who has HIV develops an opportunistic infection and / or their CD4 count falls below 200 (this is the number or «count» of CD4 cells in small sample of blood).A normal CD4 count is between 500 and 1000. 90016 90004 Talk to your partner 90005 90166 90015 Your current and former sexual partners need to know if you are diagnosed with HIV. This is also true of anyone with whom you have shared needles. Talking about HIV is difficult, but it is the best thing you can do to help others protect their health. 90016 90015 You should tell your sex partner (s) so they can get tested and treated, if necessary. You do not have to do this alone.Your local health department will usually contact partners and talk to them about testing for HIV. 90016 90004 Lifestyle 90005 90173 90015 Beyond medications, there are many things you can do to take care of your health. 90016 90006 90007 Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and adhere to your treatment plan. Take medications as directedâ € «it is important you do not skip doses. 90008 90007 Let your provider know if you have side effects or feel ill from your medications.90008 90007 Ask your provider if there are vaccinations that are recommended for you (such as a flu shot or hepatitis B vaccine). 90008 90007 Eat healthy foods, exercise moderately, and get plenty of sleep. Find ways to relax and handle your stress. 90008 90011 90015 Often people with HIV need emotional support and counseling. Family, friends, peers, and support groups can help people who are HIV-positive learn how to take care of themselves and lead a full life. 90016 .90000 Is HIV Transmitted Through Kissing? How HIV Is Transmitted 90001 90002 There are a lot of misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted, so let’s set the record straight. 90003 90002 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. HIV is contagious, but the vast majority of your daily activities pose no risk of HIV transmission. 90003 90002 Only certain body fluids — blood, semen, vaginal fluid, anal fluid, and breast milk — can spread HIV. It can not be transmitted via saliva, sweat, skin, feces, or urine.90003 90002 So, there’s no risk of getting HIV from regular social contact, such as closed-mouth kissing, shaking hands, sharing drinks, or hugging because those bodily fluids are not exchanged during these activities. 90003 90002 The most common way that HIV Is spread is through sex, including oral and anal sex, that’s not protected by condoms. 90003 90002 HIV can also be transmitted by sharing needles and using blood containing HIV. 90003 90002 Pregnant people with HIV can transmit the virus to their child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.But many people living with HIV are able to have healthy, HIV-negative babies by getting good prenatal care. 90003 90002 HIV is not like a cold or flu virus. It can only be transmitted when certain fluids from an HIV-positive person move directly into the bloodstream or through mucous membranes of an HIV-negative person. 90003 90002 Tears, saliva, sweat, and casual skin-to-skin contact can not transmit HIV. 90003 90002 There’s also no need to be afraid of getting HIV from any of the following. 90003 90022 Kissing 90023 90002 Saliva carries minuscule traces of the virus, but this is not considered harmful.Saliva contains enzymes that break down the virus before it has a chance to spread. Kissing, even «French» or open-mouth kissing, will not transmit HIV. 90003 90002 Blood, however, does carry HIV. In the rare case that an HIV-positive person has blood in their mouth — and the person receiving an open-mouth kiss has an actively bleeding wound in the mouth too (such as bleeding gums, cuts, or open sores) — an open- mouth kiss could result in transmission of the virus. However, there’s only one documented case of this occurring, reported in the 1990s.90003 90022 Through the air 90023 90002 HIV does not spread through the air like a cold or flu virus. So, HIV can not be transmitted if an HIV-positive person sneezes, coughs, laughs, or breathes nearby. 90003 90022 Shaking hands 90023 90002 The HIV virus does not live on the skin of an HIV-positive person and can not live very long outside the body. Shaking the hand of a person with HIV will not spread the virus. 90003 90022 Sharing toilets or baths 90023 90002 HIV is not spread through urine or feces, sweat, or skin.Sharing a toilet or bath with an HIV-positive person carries no risk of transmission. Sharing swimming pools, saunas, or hot tubs with an HIV-positive person is also safe. 90003 90022 Sharing food or drinks 90023 90002 Since HIV is not spread by saliva, sharing food or drinks, including water fountains, will not spread the virus. Even if the food has blood containing HIV on it, exposure to air, saliva, and stomach acid would destroy the virus before it could be transmitted. 90003 90022 Through sweat 90023 90002 Sweat does not transmit HIV.HIV can not be transmitted via touching the skin or sweat of an HIV-positive person or from sharing exercise equipment. 90003 90022 From insects or pets 90023 90002 The «H» in HIV stands for «human.» Mosquitoes and other biting insects can not spread HIV. Bites from other animals, like a dog, cat, or snake, also can not transmit the virus. 90003 90022 Through saliva 90023 90002 If an HIV-positive person spits in food or drink, there’s no risk of getting HIV because saliva does not transmit the virus.90003 90022 Urine 90023 90002 HIV can not be transmitted via urine. Sharing a toilet or coming into contact with the urine of an HIV-positive person does not pose a risk of transmission. 90003 90022 Dried blood or semen 90023 90002 HIV can not survive for very long outside the body. If there is contact with blood (or other bodily fluids) that has dried or has been outside the body for a while, there is not a risk for transmission. 90003 90002 A person living with HIV can only transmit the virus through certain bodily fluids if they have a detectable viral load.These fluids include: 90003 90066 90067 blood 90068 90067 semen 90068 90067 vaginal fluid 90068 90067 anal fluid 90068 90067 breast milk 90068 90077 90002 For transmission of the virus to occur, these fluids then must make contact with a mucous membrane (like the vagina, penis , rectum, or mouth), a cut or injury, or be injected straight into the bloodstream. 90003 90002 The vast majority of the time, HIV is spread through the following activities: 90003 90066 90067 having anal or vaginal sex with someone who has HIV without using a condom or taking medications to prevent HIV transmission 90068 90067 sharing needles or sharing equipment used to prepare drugs for injection with someone who has HIV 90068 90077 90002 HIV may also be spread in these ways, but it’s not common: 90003 90066 90067 via an HIV-positive person who transmits the virus to their child during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding ( however, many people living with HIV are able to have healthy, HIV-negative babies by getting good prenatal care; that care includes being tested for HIV and beginning HIV treatment, if needed) 90068 90067 accidentally being stuck with an HIV-contaminated needle 90068 90077 90002 In extremely rare cases, HIV can be transmitted in the following ways: 90003 90066 90067 oral sex, if an HIV-positive person ejaculates into their partner ‘S mouth and the partner has an open cut or lesion 90068 90067 a blood transfusion or organ transplant that contains HIV (the chance of this happening now is very rare — less than 1 in 1.5 million — because blood and organ / tissue is meticulously tested for diseases) 90068 90067 food that has been prechewed (premasticated) by a person living with HIV, but only if blood from the person’s mouth mixes with food while being chewed and the person who receives the chewed food has an open wound in their mouth (the only reports of this have been between caregivers and infants; there are no reports of this kind of transmission between adults) 90068 90067 a bite, if an HIV-positive person bites and breaks the skin, causing extensive tissue damage (only a few cases of this have been documented) 90068 90067 blood containing HIV coming in contact with a wound or an area of ​​broken skin 90068 90067 in one case, open-mouth kissing, if both partners have bleeding gums or sores (in this case, the virus is transmitted through the blood, not the saliva) 90068 90067 sharing tattoo equipment without sterilizing it between uses (there are 90112 no 90113 known cases in the United States of anyone contracting HIV this way) 90068 90077 90002 Having a better understanding about HIV transmission not only prevents the spread of HIV, but also prevents the spread of misinformation.HIV can not be spread through casual contact such as kissing, shaking hands, hugging, or sharing food or drink (as long as both people do not have open wounds). 90003 90002 Even during anal or vaginal sex, using a condom correctly will prevent HIV from spreading since the virus can not move through the latex of a condom. 90003 90002 While there is not a cure for HIV, advancements in medications for HIV have greatly reduced the chances of a person living with HIV passing the virus on to another person.90003 90002 If you’re concerned that you may have shared bodily fluids with a person living with HIV, ask a healthcare provider about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP can stop the virus from becoming an infection. It must be taken within 72 hours of the contact to be effective. 90003.90000 How HIV Is Transmitted | HowStuffWorks 90001 90002 Advertisement 90003 90002 When AIDS first came to public attention in the 1980s there were many misconceptions about how it spread. Thanks to ongoing awareness campaigns, these misconceptions have been dispelled. 90003 90002 People transmit HIV through a very specific list of bodily fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and breast milk. For the virus to transmit, these fluids must come in contact with damaged tissue or mucus membranes of another person, or be directly injected with a needle.There are mucus membranes in the mouth, anus, rectum, cervix, vagina, and the foreskin and urethra of the penis. 90003 90002 Here is a list of ways in which HIV can be transmitted: 90003 90010 90011 Through sexual contact 90012 90011 Through sharing contaminated intravenous needles 90012 90011 From an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or birth 90012 90011 Through blood transfusions (this is rare in countries where blood is screened for HIV antibodies) 90012 90019 90002 HIV also can be transmitted from mother to baby during breastfeeding.The risk of this form of transmission is so small that the World Health Organization now recommends that HIV-positive mothers continue to breastfeed their babies because of breast milk’s overwhelming health benefits. WHO does recommend, however, that both the mother and the baby take antiretroviral therapy to help reduce the risk of transmission [source: WHO]. 90003 90002 A fragile virus that can not survive outside the human body, HIV does not transmit through the air. It also can not be contracted like a cold or the flu from surface contact with, for instance, doorknobs or countertops.Its fragility makes the possibility of environmental transmission so remote that there are no recorded instances of it happening [source: Aidsmap]. 90003 90002 Because of existing misinformation about how HIV 90003.